Neuropsychiatric syndromes as a primary manifestation in autoimmune encephalitis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35381/s.v.v10i19.4898Keywords:
Autoimmune encephalitis, Neuropsychiatric syndromes, Anti, Anti NMDAR, Anti LGI1, Immunotherapy, (Source: DECS).Abstract
Introduction: Neuropsychiatric syndromes frequently present as the initial manifestation of autoimmune encephalitis, complicating differentiation from primary psychiatric disorders. Objective: To determine the spectrum of neuropsychiatric syndromes that may present as primary manifestations in autoimmune encephalitis, which contribute to the differential diagnosis and clinical management of these patients. Method: A systematic review of recent literature was conducted, including reviews, cohorts, case series and guidelines, extracting clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic data. Results: Distinct serological phenotypes emerge: anti‑NMDAR with florid psychiatric onset, catatonia and autonomic dysfunction; anti‑LGI1 with limbic phenotype and anterograde amnesia. Biomarkers (FLCK, OCB) and CSF/serum CBA enhance detection; EEG/MRI may be normal early. Early immunotherapy (steroids, IVIG, PLEX) improves outcomes; ECT and second‑line agents are effective for refractory cases. Conclusions: a presumptive diagnosis, targeted testing and early immunomodulatory treatment are recommended
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