Riqueza y composición de macroinvertebrados acuáticos. Impactos en zonas por minería aurífera y áreas agrícolas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35381/a.g.v8i15.5158Palabras clave:
Macroinvertebrados acuáticos, minería aurífera, impacto agrícola, bioindicadores, Amazonia ecuatoriana, (Tesauro AGROVOC).Resumen
La expansión de la minería aurífera y las actividades agrícolas en la Amazonía ecuatoriana representa una amenaza crítica para la integridad de los ecosistemas acuáticos. El objetivo es comparar la riqueza, composición y diversidad de macroinvertebrados acuáticos en quebradas del Alto Huambuno (Napo, Ecuador) expuestas a minería de oro versus actividades agrícolas, integrando parámetros fisicoquímicos, metales pesados y atributos del hábitat. Se realizaron dos campañas de muestreo estacional en 12 quebradas, evaluando parámetros fisicoquímicos, metales pesados y atributos del hábitat. Los resultados mostraron un gradiente significativo: en sitios de referencia una mayor riqueza y dominancia de EPT, diversidad intermedia en agrícola y menor en minería. Se explicó la varianza comunitaria mediante concentraciones de metales y sedimentación. Se identificaron Baetidae, Leptohyphidae, Elmidae y Chironomus como taxones indicadores de las condiciones ambientales. Se concluye que la minería genera impactos severos e irreversibles, mientras que la agricultura permite cierta conservación de la biodiversidad.
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